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Wonders of Tanzania: Natural Wonders & UNESCO Sites

Tanzania is home to some of the most remarkable places on the planet. Three of the Seven Natural Wonders of Africa are found here, along with seven UNESCO World Heritage Sites. Here are the wonders you can experience on a trip to Tanzania.

The Seven Natural Wonders of Africa in Tanzania

Mount Kilimanjaro

Africa’s highest mountain and the world’s tallest free-standing mountain rises 5,895 metres above the plains, its snowy summit visible from far across the savannah.

The Ngorongoro Crater

A vast volcanic caldera, its floor home to lions, elephants, buffalo, black rhinos and huge herds of zebras and wildebeest. It is often called Africa’s Garden of Eden.

The Serengeti Migration

The largest overland migration on Earth, as some 1.5 million wildebeest and hundreds of thousands of zebras and gazelles follow the rains across the Serengeti ecosystem.

Mount Kilimanjaro, Africa's highest mountain

Tanzania’s UNESCO World Heritage Sites

  • Serengeti National Park: the endless plains of the Great Migration.
  • Ngorongoro Conservation Area: the crater, the highlands and Olduvai Gorge, one of the world’s most important sites for the study of human origins.
  • Kilimanjaro National Park: Africa’s highest peak and its unique climate zones.
  • Stone Town of Zanzibar: a historic Swahili trading town of narrow alleys, carved doors and markets.
  • Selous Game Reserve: one of Africa’s largest protected wilderness areas, including today’s Nyerere National Park.
  • Ruins of Kilwa Kisiwani and Songo Mnara: the remains of great medieval Swahili trading ports.
  • Kondoa Rock-Art Sites: ancient rock paintings in central Tanzania.

More natural marvels

  • Lake Natron: a red soda lake beneath an active volcano, the breeding ground of most of the world’s lesser flamingos.
  • Lake Tanganyika: one of the world’s oldest and deepest lakes.
  • Kitulo Plateau: the “Serengeti of Flowers”, carpeted with orchids in the rainy season.

Visiting the wonders

Mount Kilimanjaro

Climb to the summit on a five- to nine-day trek, or enjoy the mountain on a day hike through its rainforest. On clear days, it can also be seen from Amboseli, Arusha and parts of the northern parks.

The Ngorongoro Crater

Most safaris include a full day on the crater floor, descending in the early morning. Nights are spent on the crater rim or in the nearby Karatu highlands.

The Serengeti Migration

The herds move all year, so your timing decides what you’ll see, from calving in the south (January to March) to river crossings in the north (July to October).

Stone Town

Explore on a guided walking tour, visit the Old Fort and the markets, and join the evening food market at Forodhani Gardens.

Olduvai Gorge

Easily visited on the road between the Ngorongoro Crater and the Serengeti, with a small museum explaining its world-famous discoveries.

Combining the wonders in one trip

A classic 10- to 14-day journey can take in all three natural wonders plus Stone Town: climb Kilimanjaro or take a day hike, go on safari through the Serengeti and the Ngorongoro Crater, then fly to Zanzibar to explore Stone Town and relax on the beach.

Flamingos at Lake Natron at sunset

Other remarkable places

  • Tarangire: giant baobab trees and some of the largest elephant herds in Tanzania.
  • Gombe and Mahale: wild chimpanzees in forests beside Lake Tanganyika.
  • Ol Doinyo Lengai: the sacred “Mountain of God” of the Maasai, one of the world’s most unusual volcanoes.
  • Udzungwa Mountains: rainforests with waterfalls and primates found nowhere else on Earth.

Protecting the wonders

Tourism helps fund the protection of these places through park fees and supports local communities. Travelling responsibly, with respect for wildlife, cultures and the environment, helps keep them wonderful for future generations.

Frequently asked questions

What are the Seven Natural Wonders of Africa?

They are Mount Kilimanjaro, the Ngorongoro Crater, the Serengeti Migration, the Red Sea Reef, the Sahara Desert, the Okavango Delta and the Nile River. Three are in Tanzania.

How many UNESCO World Heritage Sites does Tanzania have?

Seven, including the Serengeti, the Ngorongoro Conservation Area, Kilimanjaro National Park and the Stone Town of Zanzibar.

Can I see all three natural wonders in one trip?

Yes. A 10- to 14-day itinerary can combine Kilimanjaro, the Ngorongoro Crater and the Serengeti Migration.

When is the best time to see the Migration?

It depends on what you want to see: calving from January to March, or river crossings from July to October.

Is Stone Town worth visiting?

Yes. Its history, architecture, markets and food make it a highlight of any trip to Zanzibar.

The story behind the wonders

Many of Tanzania’s wonders were shaped by the same forces: the Great Rift Valley and the volcanoes that formed along it. Kilimanjaro, Mount Meru, the Ngorongoro Crater and Ol Doinyo Lengai all owe their existence to volcanic activity over millions of years. The fertile volcanic soils of the Serengeti’s short-grass plains, created by ash from the Ngorongoro highlands, are rich in minerals, which is one reason the wildebeest return every year to give birth there. The same landscapes preserved the fossils at Olduvai Gorge, which tell the story of our own ancestors. On a trip through northern Tanzania, you’re travelling through one of the most geologically and biologically remarkable regions on Earth.

Best time to see the wonders

Kilimanjaro is best climbed from January to early March and late June to October. The Ngorongoro Crater is rewarding all year. The Migration can be seen all year, with calving from January to March and river crossings from July to October. Stone Town is best enjoyed in the drier months, from June to October and December to February.

Want to see Tanzania’s wonders for yourself? Explore our safaris and climbs.